Glossary


5250 display
Any display device that uses the 5250 data stream. See also Programming Development Manager.
abstract schema
Part of the deployment descriptor for an entity bean that is used to define the bean's relationships, persistent fields, or query statements.
abstract test
A component or unit test that is used to test Java interfaces, abstract classes, and superclasses; that cannot be run on its own; and that does not include a test suite. See also component test.
Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)
In Java programming, a collection of GUI components that were implemented using native-platform versions of the components. These components provide that subset of functionality which is common to all operating system environments. (Sun) See also Swing Set, Standard Widget Toolkit.
access bean
An enterprise bean wrapper that is typically used by client programs, such as JSP files and servlets. Access beans hide the complexity of using enterprise beans and improve the performance of reading and writing multiple EJB properties.
access control
In computer security, the process of ensuring that users can access only those resources of a computer system for which they are authorized.
accessibility
An attribute of a software or hardware product that is usable by individuals who have disabilities.
access intent
Metadata that optimizes and controls the runtime behavior of an entity bean with respect to concurrency control, resource management, and database access strategies.
Action class
In Struts, the superclass of all action classes.
action mapping
A Struts configuration file entry that associates an action name with an Action class, a form bean, and a local forward.
action set
In Eclipse, a group of commands that a perspective contributes to the main toolbar and menu bar.
activation
In Java, the process of transferring an enterprise bean from secondary storage to memory. (Sun)
activity log
An audit trail of every function that has altered the data in the active ledger.
agent
A program that performs a specific service, such as data collection, without user intervention or on a regular schedule.
Agent Controller
A daemon process that resides on each deployment host and provides the mechanism by which client applications either launch new host processes or attach to agents that coexist within existing processes on the host.
aggregate relationship
The relationship among top level artifacts in an application diagram. These are computed from the relationships among lower level artifacts. The number of aggregate relationships is less than the total number of primary relationships.
aggregation
The structured collection of data objects for subsequent presentation within a portal.
AJAX
See Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
anonymous user
A user who does not use a valid user ID and password to log into a site. See also registered user.
Apache HTTP Server
An open-source Web server. IBM offers a Web server, called the IBM HTTP Server, which is based on Apache.
APAR
See authorized program analysis report.
API
See application programming interface.
applet
A program that performs a specific task and is usually portable between operating systems. Often written in Java, applets can be downloaded from the Internet and run in a Web browser.
application client
In Java EE, a first-tier client component that runs in its own Java virtual machine. Application clients have access to some Java EE platform APIs, for example JNDI, JDBC, RMI-IIOP, and JMS. (Sun)
application client module
A Java archive (JAR) file that contains a client that accesses a Java application. The Java application runs inside a client container and can connect to remote or client-side Java EE resources.
Application Client project
A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a first-tier client component that runs in its own Java virtual machine.
application diagram
A graphical view of the different resources (programs, service programs, and RPG, COBOL and CL source) in an IBM i native application and their relationships to each other.
application programming interface (API)
An interface that allows an application program that is written in a high-level language to use specific data or functions of the operating system or another program.
application server
A server program in a distributed network that provides the execution environment for an application program.
artifact
An entity that is used or produced by a software development process. Examples of artifacts are models, source files, scripts, and binary executable files.
associated library
A single remote library on the IBM i host that contains the build objects for a project.
association
(1) For XML documents, the linkage of the document itself to the rules that govern its structure, which might be defined by a Document Type Definition (DTD) or an XML schema.
(2) In enterprise beans, a relationship that exists between two container-managed persistence (CMP) entity beans. There are two types of association: one-to-one and one-to-many.
ASYNC
See asynchronous.
asynchronous (ASYNC)
Pertaining to events that are not synchronized in time or do not occur in regular or predictable time intervals.
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
A group of technologies used to create dynamic, interactive Web pages that respond quickly to requests through the exchange of smaller chunks of data. AJAX uses a combination of existing technologies and protocols including XHTML, CSS, XML, client-side scripting languages such as JavaScript, Document Object Model, and an asynchronous data retrieval mechanism such as XMLHttpRequest.
attribute
A characteristic or trait of an entity that describes the entity; for example, the telephone number of an employee is one of that employee's attributes.
authentication
A security service that provides proof that a user of a computer system is genuinely who that person claims to be. Common mechanisms for implementing this service are passwords and digital signatures. Authentication is distinct from authorization; authentication is not concerned with granting or denying access to system resources.
authorization
The method that determines which portlets a user or a user group can access.
authorized program analysis report (APAR)
A request for correction of a defect in a supported release of an IBM-supplied program.
AWT
See Abstract Window Toolkit.
Axis
An implementation of SOAP on which Java Web services can be implemented.
B2B
See business-to-business.
BA
See basic authentication.
base time
The time spent executing a particular method. Base time does not include time spent in other Java methods that this method calls.
basic authentication (BA)
An authentication method that uses a user name and a password.
bean
A definition or instance of a JavaBeans component. See also enterprise bean, JavaBeans.
bean class
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a Java class that implements a javax.ejb.EntityBean class or javax.ejb.SessionBean class.
bean-managed persistence (BMP)
The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean. (Sun) See also container-managed persistence.
bidi
See bidirectional.
bidirectional (bidi)
Pertaining to scripts such as Arabic and Hebrew that generally run from right to left, except for numbers, which run from left to right.
bind
To establish a connection between software components on a network using an agreed-to protocol. In Web services, the bind operation occurs when the service requestor invokes or initiates an interaction with the service at run time using the binding details in the service description to locate, contact, and invoke the service.
BMP
See bean-managed persistence.
bottleneck
A place in the system where contention for a resource is affecting performance.
bottom-up development
In Web services, the process of developing a service from an existing artifact such as a Java bean or enterprise bean rather than a Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) file. See also top-down development.
bottom-up mapping
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which the schema is first imported from an existing database and then enterprise beans and mappings are generated.
boundary class
In performance profiling, a class that is normally excluded in the filtering criteria, but which is directly invoked by the classes that are included as filters.
branch
In the CVS team development environment, a separate line of development where changes can be isolated. When a programmer changes files on a branch, those changes do not appear on the main trunk or other branches.
breakpoint
A specified point in a program at which the system stops processing; processing can be resumed after manual intervention.
build
To create or modify resources, usually based on the state of other resources. A Java builder converts Java source files into executable class files, for example, and a Web link builder updates links to files whose name or location has changed.
build path
The path that is used during compilation of Java source code, in order to find referenced classes that reside in other projects.
build plan
An XML file that defines the processing necessary to build generation outputs and that specifies the machine where processing takes place.
build style
A set of actions that provide push and build operations for IBM i Projects.
business entity
In Web services programming, a data structure type that contains information about the business that has published the service. The business entity is specified when the service is registered.
business method
A method of an enterprise bean that implements the business logic or rules of an application. (Sun)
business service
In Web services programming, a data structure type that contains information about groups of Web services.The business service structure is specified when a service is registered.
business-to-business (B2B)
Refers to Internet applications that exchange information or run transactions between businesses.
bytecode
Machine-independent code generated by the Java compiler and executed by the Java interpreter. (Sun)
C2A
See Click-to-Action.
call stack
A list of data elements that is constructed and maintained by the Java virtual machine (JVM) for a program to successfully call and return from a method.
capability
In Eclipse, a group of functions that can be hidden or revealed in order to simplify the user interface. Capabilities are enabled or disabled by changing preference settings.
cascading style sheet (CSS)
A file that defines a hierarchical set of style rules for controlling the rendering of HTML or XML files in browsers, viewers, or in print.
cascading style sheet positioning (CSS-P)
Use of a cascading style sheet to position Web page elements using pixel locations or locations relative to other elements.
channel
A specialized Web application within a portal to which a user can subscribe.
character set
A defined set of characters with no coded representation assumed that can be recognized by a configured hardware or software system. A character set may be defined by alphabet, language, script, or any combination of these items.
cheat sheet
An interface that guides users through the wizards and steps required to perform a complex task, and that links to relevant sections of the online help.
check box
A square box with associated text that represents a choice. When a user selects the choice, the check box is filled to indicate that the choice is selected. The user can clear the check box by selecting the choice again, thereby deselecting the choice.
check in
In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems, to copy files back into the repository after changing them.
check out
In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems, to copy the latest revision of a file from the repository so that it can be modified.
cHTML
See Compact Hypertext Markup Language.
class
In object-oriented design or programming, a model or template that can be used to create objects with a common definition and common properties, operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of a class.
class diagram
A diagram that shows a collection of declarative (static) model elements, such as classes, types, and their contents and relationships.
class file
A compiled Java source file.
class hierarchy
The relationships between classes that share a single inheritance.
class loader
Part of the Java virtual machine (JVM) that is responsible for finding and loading class files. A class loader affects the packaging of applications and the runtime behavior of packaged applications deployed on application servers.
class path
A list of directories and JAR files that contain resource files or Java classes that a program can load dynamically at run time.
Click-to-Action (C2A)
A method for implementing cooperative portlets, whereby users can click an icon on a source portlet to transfer data to one or more target portlets. See also cooperative portlets, wire.
client
A software program or computer that requests services from a server. See also server, host.
client proxy
An object on the client side of a network connection that provides a remote procedure call interface to a service on the server side.
client/server
Pertaining to the model of interaction in distributed data processing in which a program on one computer sends a request to a program on another computer and awaits a response. The requesting program is called a client; the answering program is called a server. See also distributed application.
clipboard
An area of computer memory, or storage, that temporarily holds data. Data in the clipboard is available to other applications.
CMP
See container-managed persistence.
code assist
See content assist.
code page
A particular assignment of code points to graphic characters. Within a given code page, a code point can have only one specific meaning. A code page also identifies how undefined code points are handled.
collaboration
The ability to connect customers, employees, or business partners to the people and processes in a business or organization, in order to facilitate improved decision-making. Collaboration involves two or more individuals with complementary skills interacting together to resolve a business problem.
command line
The blank line on a display where commands, option numbers, or selections can be entered.
common area
In a Web page that is based on a page template, the fixed region of the page.
Common Base Event
A specification based on XML that defines a mechanism for managing events, such as logging, tracing, management, and business events, in business enterprise applications.
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
An architecture and a specification for distributed object-oriented computing that separates client and server programs with a formal interface definition. See also Internet Inter-ORB Protocol.
Compact Hypertext Markup Language (cHTML)
A format for publishing hypertext information on wireless devices.
compilation unit
A portion of a computer program sufficiently complete to be compiled correctly.
compile
In Integrated Language Environment (ILE) languages, to translate source statements into modules that then can be bound into programs or service programs.
compile time
The time period during which a computer program is being compiled into an executable program.
complex type
In XML, a type that allows elements in its content and may carry attributes. See also simple type.
component
(1) A reusable object or program that performs a specific function and is designed to work with other components and applications.
(2) In Eclipse, one or more plug-ins that work together to deliver a discrete set of functions.
component test
An automated test of one or more components of an enterprise application, which may include Java classes, EJB beans, or Web services. See also abstract test, test pattern.
composer
In Java, a class used to map a single complex bean field to multiple database columns. Composition is needed for complex fields that are themselves objects with fields and behavior.
concrete portlet
A logical representation of a portlet object distinguished by a unique configuration parameter (PortletSettings).
Concurrent Versions System (CVS)
An open-source, network-transparent version control system.
configuration file
A Struts file that contains information about data sources, form beans, global forwards, and action mappings.
connection
(1) In data communication, an association established between entities for conveying information.
(2) A relationship between nodes in an Application Diagram.
connection factory
A set of configuration values that produces connections that enable a Java EE component to access a resource. Connection factories provide on-demand connections from an application to an enterprise information system (EIS) and allow an application server to enrol the EIS in a distributed transaction.
connector
(1) In Java EE, a standard extension mechanism for containers to provide connectivity to enterprise information systems (EISs). A connector consists of a resource adapter and application development tools (Sun). See also container.
(2) A servlet that provides a portlet access to external sources of content, for example, a news feed from a Web site of a local television station.
container
(1) An entity that provides life-cycle management, security, deployment, and runtime services to components. (Sun) See also resource adapter, connector.
(2) A column or row that is used to arrange the layout of a portlet or other container on a page.
(3) A group of stages and links in a job design.
container-managed persistence (CMP)
The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean's container. (Sun) See also bean-managed persistence.
container-managed transaction
A transaction whose boundaries are defined by an EJB container. An entity bean must use container-managed transactions. (Sun)
container transaction
See container-managed transaction.
content area
In a Web page that is based on a page template, the editable region of the page.
content assist
A feature of some source editors that prompts the user with a list of valid alternatives for completing the current line of code or input field.
contention
A situation in which a transaction attempts to lock a row or table that is already locked.
content model
The representation of any data that may be contained inside an XML element. There are four kinds of content models: element content, mixed content, EMPTY content and ANY content.
content provider
A source for content that can be incorporated into a portal page as a portlet.
content spot
A class file that is added to a JSP file to designate display of personalized data or content. Each content spot has a name and will accept a specific type of data from a rule.
context root
The Web application root, which is the top-level directory of an application when it is deployed to a Web server.
control
See widget.
converter
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a class that translates a database representation to an object type and back.
cooperative portlets
Two or more portlets on the same Web page that interact by sharing information. See also Click-to-Action, wire, property broker.
copy helper
An access bean that contains a local copy of attributes from a remote entity bean. Unlike bean wrappers, copy helpers are optimized for use with a single instance of an entity bean.
CORBA
See Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
create method
In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to create an enterprise bean. (Sun)
CSS
See cascading style sheet.
CSS-P
See cascading style sheet positioning.
custom action
In JSP programming, an action described in a portable manner by a tag library descriptor and a collection of Java classes and imported into a JSP page by a taglib directive. (Sun)
custom finder
See finder method.
customization
The modification of a portal page or portlet by a user. WebSphere Portal enables a user to customize a portal page by modifying the page layout and by selecting which portlets will display per device. See also personalization.
customizer
A Java class (implementing the java.beans.Customizer interface) that is associated with a bean to provide a richer user interface for that bean's properties.
custom tag
An extension to the JavaServer Pages (JSP) language that performs a specialized task. Custom tags are usually distributed in the form of a tag library, which also contains the Java classes that implement the tags.
CVS
See Concurrent Versions System.
DAD
See document access definition.
DAD script
A file that is used by the DB2 XML Extender, either to compose XML documents from existing DB2 data or to decompose XML documents into DB2 data.
DADX
See document access definition extension.
DADX group
A folder that contains database connection (JDBC and JNDI) and other information that is shared between DADX files within the group.
DADX runtime
In a DADX Web service, the period of time during which SOAP requests are sent to the new Web service. The DADX runtime environment provides information to the DADX Web service, including the HTTP GET and POST bindings, the test page, WSDL generation, and the translation of DTD data into XML schema data.
daemon
A program that runs unattended to perform continuous or periodic functions, such as network control.
data class
An access bean that provides data storage and access methods for caching enterprise bean properties. Unlike copy helpers, data class access beans work with enterprise beans that have local client views as well as remote client views.
data definition
A data object that defines a database or table.
Data Definition Language (DDL)
A language for describing data and its relationships in a database.
data description specifications (DDS)
A fixed format for describing and creating IBM i databases or device files.
data object
Any object (such as tables, views, indexes, functions, triggers, and packages) that can be created or manipulated using SQL statements.
data object filter
A control that allows the exclusion of data objects (such as tables and schemas) from the tree view of the database.
data source
In JDBC, an interface that provides a logical representation of a pool of connections to a physical data source. Data source objects provide application portability by making it unnecessary to supply information specific to a particular database driver.
DB2
A family of IBM licensed programs for relational database management.
DB2 XML Extender
A program that is used to store and manage XML documents in DB2 tables. Well-formed and validated XML documents can be generated from existing relational data, stored as column data, and the content of XML elements and attributes can be stored in DB2 tables.
DBCS
See double-byte character set.
DDL
See Data Definition Language.
DDS
See data description specifications.
deadlock
A condition in which two independent threads of control are blocked, each waiting for the other to take some action. Deadlock often arises from adding synchronization mechanisms to avoid race conditions.
debug
To detect, diagnose, and eliminate errors in programs.
debug engine
The server component of the debugger, whose client/server design enables both local and remote debugging. The debug engine runs on the same system as the program being debugged.
debugger
A tool used to detect and trace errors in computer programs.
debugging session
The debugging activities that occur between the time that a developer starts a debugger and the time that the developer exits from it.
declaration
In Java programming, a statement that establishes an identifier and associates attributes with it, without necessarily reserving its storage or providing the implementation. (Sun)
decoration
In graphical user interfaces (GUIs), a glyph that annotates a resource with status information, for example to indicate that a file has changed since it was last saved or checked out of a repository.
deploy
To place files or install software into an operational environment. In Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE), this involves creating a deployment descriptor suitable to the type of application that is being deployed.
deployment code
Additional code that enables bean implementation code written by an application developer to work in a particular EJB runtime environment. Deployment code can be generated by tools that the application server vendor supplies.
deployment descriptor
An XML file that describes how to deploy a module or application by specifying configuration and container options. For example, an EJB deployment descriptor passes information to an EJB container about how to manage and control an enterprise bean.
deployment directory
The directory where the published server configuration and Web application are located on the machine where the application server is installed.
deprecated
Pertaining to an entity, such as a programming element or feature, that is supported but no longer recommended and that might become obsolete.
deserialization
A method for converting a serialized variable into object data. See also serializer.
dialog box
A secondary window that solicits user input for a specific task or subtask. Common examples are the Print and Save As dialog boxes. Dialog boxes are modal; that is, they must be closed before the user can continue working in the window that launched the dialog box.
directive
A first-failure data capture (FFDC) construct that can be contained in a WebSphere Application Server symptom database to provide information and suggested actions to assist a diagnostic module in customizing the data that is logged.
discover
In UDDI, to browse the business registry to locate existing Web services for integration.
distributed application
An application made up of distinct components that are physically located on different computer systems, connected by a network. See also client/server.
document access definition (DAD)
An XML document format used by DB2 XML Extender to define the mapping between XML and relational data.
document access definition extension (DADX)
An XML document format that specifies how to create a Web service using a set of operations that are defined by DAD documents and SQL statements.
Document Object Model (DOM)
A system in which a structured document, for example an XML file, is viewed as a tree of objects that can be programmatically accessed and updated.
document type definition (DTD)
The rules that specify the structure for a particular class of SGML or XML documents. The DTD defines the structure with elements, attributes, and notations, and it establishes constraints for how each element, attribute, and notation can be used within the particular class of documents.
DOM
See Document Object Model.
DOM element
One member of a tree of elements that is created when an XML file is parsed with a DOM parser. DOM elements make it easy to quickly identify all elements in the source XML file.
Domino directory
A database that provides a domain-wide directory of Domino servers, users, certifiers, foreign domains, and groups. It also contains documents that manage server-to-server communication and server programs.
double-byte character set (DBCS)
A set of characters in which each character is represented by two bytes. These character sets are commonly used by national languages, such as Japanese and Chinese, that have more symbols than can be represented by a single byte. See also single-byte character set.
drop-down
Pertaining to a list or menu that opens when clicked and stays open until the user selects a menu or list item or clicks elsewhere in the user interface.
D-specification
A piece of ILE RPG code that defines program items, such as standalone fields, named constants, and data structures with or without a subfield.
DTD
See document type definition.
dynaform
An instance of a DynaActionForm class or subclass that stores HTML form data from a submitted client request or that stores input data from a link that a user clicked.
dynamic Web content
Programming elements such as JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, servlets, and scripts that require client or server-side processing for accurate runtime rendering in a Web browser.
dynamic Web project
A project that contains resources for a Web application with dynamic content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files. The structure of a dynamic Web project reflects the Java EE standard for Web content, classes, class paths, the deployment descriptor, and so on.
EAR
See enterprise archive.
EAR file
See enterprise archive.
EAR project
See enterprise application project.
e-business
The transaction of business over an electronic medium such as the Internet.
Eclipse
An open-source initiative that provides ISVs and other tool developers with a standard platform for developing plug-compatible application development tools.
Eclipse Modeling Framework
The Eclipse components that define and implement structured data models, which are a set of related classes that are used to handle data in applications.
edit code
A letter or number indicating that editing should be done according to a defined pattern before a field is displayed or printed. See also edit word.
edit mask
A byte string that tells the edit machine instruction or the Edit (QECEDT) API how to format a numeric value into a readable character string. An edit mask can format a numeric value so that languages that cannot use machine instructions directly can take advantage of this function.
editor area
In Eclipse and Eclipse-based products, the area in the workbench window where files are opened for editing.
edit word
A user-defined word with a specific format that indicates how editing should be done. See also edit code.
EIM
See Enterprise Identity Mapping.
EIS
See enterprise information system.
EJB
See Enterprise JavaBeans.
EJB bean
See enterprise bean.
EJB container
A container that implements the EJB component contract of the Java EE architecture. This contract specifies a runtime environment for enterprise beans that includes security, concurrency, life cycle management, transaction, deployment, and other services. (Sun) See also EJB server.
EJB factory
An access bean that simplifies the creating or finding of an enterprise bean instance.
EJB home object
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an object that provides the life cycle operations (create, remove, find) for an enterprise bean. (Sun)
EJB inheritance
A form of inheritance in which an enterprise bean inherits properties, methods, and method-level control descriptor attributes from another enterprise bean that resides in the same group.
EJB JAR file
A Java archive that contains an EJB module. (Sun)
EJB module
A software unit that consists of one or more enterprise beans and an EJB deployment descriptor. (Sun)
EJB object
In enterprise beans, an object whose class implements the enterprise bean remote interface (Sun).
EJB project
A project that contains the resources needed for EJB applications, including enterprise beans; home, local, and remote interfaces; JSP files; servlets; and deployment descriptors.
EJB query
In EJB query language, a string that contains an optional SELECT clause specifying the EJB objects to return, a FROM clause that names the bean collections, an optional WHERE clause that contains search predicates over the collections, an optional ORDER BY clause that specifies the ordering of the result collection, and input parameters that correspond to the arguments of the finder method.
EJB query language
A query language that defines finder methods for entity beans with container managed persistence. The definition uses a language based on SQL that allows searches on the persistent attributes of an enterprise bean and associated bean attributes.
EJB reference
A logical name used by an application to locate the home interface of an enterprise bean in the target operational environment.
EJB server
Software that provides services to an EJB container. An EJB server may host one or more EJB containers. (Sun) See also EJB container.
element
In markup languages, a basic unit consisting of a start tag, end tag, associated attributes and their values, and any text that is contained between the two.
encoding scheme
The underlying part of a code page that defines: a) the coding space (the number and allowable value of code points in a code page); b) the rules for sharing the coding space between control and graphic characters; and c) the rules related to the specific options permitted in that scheme, such as the number of bits in a byte, single-byte, or double-byte.
endpoint
The system that is the origin or destination of a session.
endpoint listener
The point or address at which incoming messages for a Web service are received by a service integration bus.
enterprise application
See Java EE application.
enterprise application project (EAR project)
A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a deployment descriptor and IBM extension document as well as files that are common to all Java EE modules that are defined in the deployment descriptor.
enterprise archive (EAR)
A specialized type of JAR file, defined by the Java EE standard, used to deploy Java EE applications to Java EE application servers. An EAR file contains EJB components, a deployment descriptor, and Web archive (WAR) files for individual Web applications. See also Web archive, Java archive.
enterprise bean
A component that implements a business task or business entity and resides in an EJB container. Entity beans, session beans, and message-driven beans are all enterprise beans. (Sun) See also bean.
Enterprise Identity Mapping (EIM)
A mechanism for associating a person or entity to the appropriate user identities in various user registries throughout an enterprise. EIM provides application programming interfaces (APIs) for creating and managing these identity mapping relationships, as well as APIs that applications use to query this information.
enterprise information system (EIS)
The applications that comprise an enterprise's existing system for handling companywide information. An enterprise information system offers a well-defined set of services that are exposed as local or remote interfaces or both. (Sun) See also resource adapter.
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
A component architecture defined by Sun Microsystems for the development and deployment of object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level applications (Java EE).
entity
In markup languages such as XML, a collection of characters that can be referenced as a unit, for example to incorporate often-repeated text or special characters within a document.
entity bean
In EJB programming, an enterprise bean that represents persistent data maintained in a database. Each entity bean carries its own identity. (Sun) See also session bean.
environment variable
A variable that defines an aspect of the operating environment for a process. For example, environment variables can define the home directory, the command search path, the terminal in use, or the current time zone.
extend
To install more than one package in the same version of Eclipse in order for their application functions to work together in the workbench environment.
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)
A reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML. XHTML is a family of current and future DTDs and modules that reproduce, subset, and extend HTML.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
A standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that is based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)
A language for specifying style sheets for XML documents. Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) is used with XSL to describe how an XML document is transformed into another document.
extension
In Eclipse, the mechanism that a plug-in uses to extend the platform. See also extension point.
extension point
In Eclipse, the specification that defines what attributes and values must be declared by an extension. See also extension.
Faces component
One of a collection of user interface components (such as input fields) and data components (representing data such as records in a database) that can be dragged to a Faces JSP file and then bound to each other to build a dynamic Web project. See also JavaServer Faces.
Faces JSP file
A file that represents a page in a dynamic Web project and contains JavaServer Faces UI and data components. See also JavaServer Faces.
factory
In object-oriented programming, a class that is used to create instances of another class. A factory is used to isolate the creation of objects of a particular class into one place so that new functions can be provided without widespread code changes.
fast view
In Eclipse, a view that is opened and closed by clicking a button on the shortcut bar.
feature
In Eclipse, a JAR file that is packaged in a form that the update manager accepts and uses to update the platform. Features have a manifest that provides basic information about the content of the feature, which can include plug-ins, fragments and other files.
field
In object-oriented programming, an attribute or data member of a class.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
In TCP/IP, an application layer protocol that uses TCP and Telnet services to transfer bulk-data files between machines or hosts.
filter
A mechanism that is used to query libraries, objects, and members on a Power Systems server, and organize them for viewing in the Remote System Explorer. See also filter pool, filter string.
filter pool
A group of filters. See also filter, filter pool reference.
filter pool reference
A mechanism that displays a filter pool from one connection in any other connection, so that when a user makes a change to the original filter pool, the change is reflected in the filter pool reference. See also filter pool.
filter string
The information used by a filter to perform a search. See also filter.
find
See discover.
finder method
In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to locate an entity bean. (Sun)
fire
In object-oriented programming, to cause a state transition.
fix pack
A cumulative collection of fixes that is made available between scheduled refresh packs, manufacturing refreshes, or releases. It is intended to allow customers to come up to a specific maintenance level. See also program temporary fix, interim fix, refresh pack.
foreign key
In a relational database, a key in one table that references the primary key in another table. See also primary key.
form
A display screen, printed document, or file with defined spaces for information to be inserted.
form bean
In Struts, a class that stores HTML or JSP form data from a submitted client request or that stores input data from a link that a user clicked. The superclass for all form beans is the ActionForm class.
forward
In Struts, an object that is returned by an action and that has two fields: a name and a path (typically the URL of a JSP). The path indicates where a request is to be sent. A forward can be local (pertaining to a specific action) or global (available to any action).
frame
In hypertext markup language (HTML) coding, a subset of the Web browser window.
frameset
An HTML file that defines the layout of a Web page that is composed of other, separate HTML files.
free-form surface
The open area in a visual editor where developers can add and manipulate objects. For example, the Struts application diagram editor provides a free-form surface for representing JSP pages, HTML pages, action mappings, other Struts application diagrams, links from JSP pages, and forwards from action mappings.
FTP
See File Transfer Protocol.
full build
In Eclipse, a build in which all resources within the scope of the build are considered. See also incremental build.
functional zoom
A way of viewing an application diagram by showing only top level artifacts and any direct or aggregate relationships between them. This allows for a quicker and more responsive user experience, rather than showing all nodes in the diagram. A top level artifact can be expanded to have the diagram "zoom in" and show the contained artifacts.
getter method
A method whose purpose is to get the value of an instance or class variable. This allows another object to find out the value of one of its variables. See also setter method.
GIF
See Graphics Interchange Format.
global attribute
In XML, an attribute that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global attributes can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.
global element
In XML, an element that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global elements can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
A file format for storing images. GIF files are common on the World Wide Web because they only contain a maximum of 256 colors and are therefore very small.
green-screen application
An application coded for character-based interfaces such as IBM 3270 or 5250 terminals.
group
(1) A collection of users who can share access authorities for protected resources.
(2) In places, two or more people who are grouped for membership in a place.
handle
In the Java EE specification, an object that identifies an enterprise bean. A client may serialize the handle, and then later deserialize it to obtain a reference to the enterprise bean. (Sun)
handler
In Web services, a mechanism for processing service content and extending the function of a JAX-RPC runtime system.
handshake
The exchange of messages at the start of a Secure Sockets Layer session that allows the client to authenticate the server using public key techniques (and, optionally, for the server to authenticate the client), then allows the client and server to cooperate in creating symmetric keys for encryption, decryption, and detection of tampering.
headless
Pertains to a program or application that can run without a graphical user interface or, in some cases, without any user interface at all. Headless operation is often used for network servers or embedded systems.
heap
In Java programming, a block of memory that the Java virtual machine (JVM) uses at run time to store Java objects. Java heap memory is managed by a garbage collector, which automatically de-allocates Java objects that are no longer in use.
home interface
In enterprise beans, an interface that defines zero or more create and remove methods for a session bean or zero or more create, finder, and remove methods for an entity bean. See also remote interface.
home page
The top-level Web page of a portal.
host
(1) A computer that is connected to a network and provides an access point to that network. The host can be a client, a server, or both a client and server simultaneously. See also server, client.
(2) In performance profiling, a machine that owns processes that are being profiled. See also server.
host name
In Internet communication, the name given to a computer. Sometimes, host name is used to mean the fully qualified domain name; other times, it is used to mean the most specific subname of a fully qualified domain name. For example, if mycomputer.city.company.com is the fully qualified domain name, either of the following host names can be used: mycomputer.city.company.com or mycomputer.
hover help
A form of online help that can be viewed by moving a cursor over a GUI item such as an icon or field.
HTML
See Hypertext Markup Language.
HTTP
See Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
HTTP over SSL (HTTPS)
A Web protocol for secure transactions that encrypts and decrypts user page requests and pages returned by the Web server.
HTTPS
See HTTP over SSL.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
A markup language that conforms to the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) standard and was designed primarily to support the online display of textual and graphical information, including hypertext links.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
An Internet protocol that is used to transfer and display hypertext and XML documents on the Web.
IBM i
The IBM licensed program that is used as the principal operating system for Power Systems products. The predecessor to IBM i was i5/OS, which was preceded by Operating System/400 (OS/400). See also Operating System/400.
IDE
See integrated development environment.
identity assertion
The invocation credential that is asserted to the downstream server. This credential can be set as the originating client identity, the server identity, or another specified identity, depending on the RunAs mode for the enterprise bean.
IIOP
See Internet Inter-ORB Protocol.
ILE
See Integrated Language Environment.
ILE RPG
See Integrated Language Environment RPG.
i-mode
An Internet service for wireless devices.
incremental build
In Eclipse, a build in which only resources that have changed since the last build are considered. See also full build.
infopop
A small window that displays context-sensitive help for a particular UI element and links to related online help topics.
information center
A collection of information that provides support for users of one or more products, can be launched separately from the product, and includes a list of topics for navigation and a search engine.
inheritance
An object-oriented programming technique in which existing classes are used as a basis for creating other classes. Through inheritance, more specific elements incorporate the structure and behavior of more general elements.
initialization point
A user-defined constant or variable used to initialize the attributes of an object.
installation directory
A directory in which unique files for a package are stored. See also shared resource.
instance document
An XML document that conforms to a particular schema.
integrated development environment (IDE)
A set of software development tools, such as source editors, compilers, and debuggers, that are accessible from a single user interface.
integrated file system
A function of the IBM i operating system that supports stream input/output and storage management in a manner that is similar to personal computer and UNIX operating systems, while providing an integrating structure over all information stored on a system.
Integrated Language Environment (ILE)
A set of constructs and interfaces that provides a common runtime environment and run-time bindable application program interfaces (APIs) for all ILE-conforming high-level languages.
Integrated Language Environment RPG (ILE RPG)
An IBM-licensed program that includes a set of RPG compilers to be used for commercial and business applications on IBM i hosts. The compilers include: System/36E RPG (RPG II), System/38 RPG (RPG III), RPG/400 (RPG III), and ILE RPG (RPG IV).
interim fix
A certified fix that is generally available to all customers between regularly scheduled fix packs, refresh packs, or releases. See also fix pack, refresh pack.
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP)
A protocol used for communication between Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) object request brokers. See also Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
Internet Protocol (IP)
A protocol that routes data through a network or interconnected networks. This protocol acts as an intermediary between the higher protocol layers and the physical network. See also Transmission Control Protocol.
interoperability
The ability of a computer or program to work with other computers or programs.
introspector
In Java, a class (java.beans.Introspector) that provides a standard way for tools to learn about the properties, events, and methods supported by a target bean. Introspectors follow the JavaBeans specification.
IP
See Internet Protocol.
i Project
A local container for local source files that allows offline IBM i development on Windows or Linux platform.
J2C (JCA)
See J2EE Connector architecture.
J2EE
See Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition.
J2EE application
See Java EE application.
J2EE Connector architecture (J2C, JCA)
J2EE server
See Java EE server.
J2SE
See Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
JAAS
See Java Authentication and Authorization Service.
JAR file
A Java archive file. See also enterprise archive, Web archive.
Java
An object-oriented programming language for portable interpretive code that supports interaction among remote objects. Java was developed and specified by Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.
Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
See Java Platform, Enterprise Edition.
Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE)
See Java Platform, Standard Edition.
Java API for XML (JAX)
A set of Java-based APIs for handling various operations involving data defined through Extensible Markup Language (XML).
Java API for XML-based RPC (JAX-RPC, JSR 101)
A specification that describes application programming interfaces (APIs) and conventions for building Web services and Web service clients that use remote procedure calls (RPC) and XML.
Java archive
A compressed file format for storing all of the resources that are required to install and run a Java program in a single file. See also enterprise archive, Web archive.
Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)
In Java EE technology, a standard API for performing security-based operations. Through JAAS, services can authenticate and authorize users while enabling the applications to remain independent from underlying technologies.
Java bean
See bean.
JavaBeans
As defined for Java by Sun Microsystems, a portable, platform-independent, reusable component model. See also bean.
Java class
A class that is written in the Java language.
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
An industry standard for database-independent connectivity between the Java platform and a wide range of databases. The JDBC interface provides a call level interface for SQL-based and XQuery-based database access.
Java Development Kit (JDK)
See Java SE Development Kit.
Javadoc
A tool that parses the declarations and documentation comments in a set of source files and produces a set of HTML pages describing the classes, inner classes, interfaces, constructors, methods, and fields. (Sun)
Java EE
See Java Platform, Enterprise Edition.
Java EE application
Any deployable unit of Java EE functionality. This unit can be a single module or a group of modules packaged into an enterprise archive (EAR) file with a Java EE application deployment descriptor. (Sun)
Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA)
A standard architecture for connecting the Java EE platform to heterogeneous enterprise information systems (EIS).
Java EE server
A runtime environment that provides EJB or Web containers.
Java file
An editable source file (with .java extension) that can be compiled into bytecode (a .class file).
Java Message Service (JMS)
An application programming interface that provides Java language functions for handling messages.
Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)
An extension to the Java platform that provides a standard interface for heterogeneous naming and directory services.
Java platform
A collective term for the Java language for writing programs; a set of APIs, class libraries, and other programs used in developing, compiling, and error-checking programs; and a Java virtual machine which loads and runs the class files. (Sun)
Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
An environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications, defined by Sun Microsystems Inc. The Java EE platform consists of a set of services, application programming interfaces (APIs), and protocols that provide the functionality for developing multitiered, Web-based applications. (Sun)
Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)
The core Java technology platform. (Sun)
Java Profiling Agent
The agent that is attached to the Java virtual machine (JVM) within which the profiled application runs. This is the agent that is used by default to measure the performance of a Java application as it executes.
Java project
In Eclipse, a project that contains compilable Java source code and is a container for source folders or packages.
Java runtime environment
A subset of a Java developer kit that contains the core executable programs and files that constitute the standard Java platform. The JRE includes the Java virtual machine (JVM), core classes, and supporting files.
JavaScript
A Web scripting language that is used in both browsers and Web servers. (Sun)
Java SE
See Java Platform, Standard Edition.
Java SE Development Kit (JDK)
The name of the software development kit that Sun Microsystems provides for the Java platform.
JavaServer Faces (JSF)
A framework for building Web-based user interfaces in Java. Web developers can build applications by placing reusable UI components on a page, connecting the components to an application data source, and wiring client events to server event handlers. See also JavaServer Pages, Faces component, Faces JSP file.
JavaServer Pages (JSP)
A server-side scripting technology that enables Java code to be dynamically embedded within Web pages (HTML files) and run when the page is served, in order to return dynamic content to a client. See also JSP file, JSP page, JavaServer Faces.
Java Specification Request (JSR)
A formally proposed specification for the Java platform.
Java virtual machine (JVM)
A software implementation of a processor that runs compiled Java code (applets and applications).
JAX
See Java API for XML.
JAX-RPC
See Java API for XML-based RPC.
JCA (J2C)
(1) See J2EE Connector architecture.
(2) See Java EE Connector Architecture.
JDBC
See Java Database Connectivity.
JDBC connection filter
A control that limits the amount of data that is transferred during the JDBC metadata load. The filter enhances performance.
JDK
(1) See Java Development Kit.
(2) See Java SE Development Kit.
JMS
See Java Message Service.
JNDI
See Java Naming and Directory Interface.
job log
A record of requests submitted to the system by a job, the messages related to the requests, and the actions performed by the system on the job. The job log is maintained by the system program.
join
An SQL relational operation that allows retrieval of data from two or more tables based on matching column values.
JSF
See JavaServer Faces.
JSF widget library
A JavaServer Faces (JSF) and JavaScript-based widget library, included in the product, that augments JSP and HTML pages with a rich set of input, output and navigation components.
JSP
See JavaServer Pages.
JSP file
A scripted HTML file that has a .jsp extension and allows for the inclusion of dynamic content in Web pages. A JSP file can be directly requested as a URL, called by a servlet, or called from within an HTML page. See also JavaServer Pages, JSP page.
JSP page
A text-based document using fixed template data and JSP elements that describes how to process a request to create a response. (Sun) See also JavaServer Pages, JSP file.
JSR
See Java Specification Request.
JSR 101
See Java API for XML-based RPC.
JUnit
An open-source regression testing framework for unit-testing Java programs.
JVM
See Java virtual machine.
keyboard shortcut
A key or combination of keys that a user can press to perform an action that is available from a menu.
key class
In EJB query language, a class that is used to create or find an entity bean. It represents the identity of the entity bean, corresponding to the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database.
key field
In EJB query language, a container-managed field in an entity bean that corresponds to one of the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database. Each key field is a member of the entity bean's key class.
key file
See key ring.
key locator
A mechanism that retrieves the key for XML signing, XML digital signature verification, XML encryption, and XML decryption.
key ring
In computer security, a file that contains public keys, private keys, trusted roots, and certificates. See also keystore file.
keystore file
A key ring that contains both public keys that are stored as signer certificates and private keys that are stored in personal certificates.
launch configuration
A mechanism for defining and saving different workbench configurations that can be launched separately. Configurable options include run and debug settings.
layout box
In Page Designer, a control that allows Web designers to position text and images within the page. Layout boxes can be stacked or aligned using a grid.
layout manager
In programming graphical user interfaces, an object that controls the size and position of Java components within a container. The Java platform supplies several commonly used layout managers for AWT and Swing containers.
LDAP
See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
LDAP directory
A type of repository that stores information on people, organizations, and other resources and that is accessed using the LDAP protocol. The entries in the repository are organized into a hierarchical structure, and in some cases the hierarchical structure reflects the structure or geography of an organization.
library
A system object that serves as a directory to other objects. A library groups related objects, and allows users to find objects by name.
library list
In IBM i, a list that indicates which libraries are to be searched and the order in which they are to be searched. The system-recognized identifier is *LIBL.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories that support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements of the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example, LDAP can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources in an Internet or intranet directory.
link
A line or arrow that connects activities in a process. A link passes information between activities and determines the order in which they run.
listener port
An object that defines the association between a connection factory, a destination, and a deployed message-driven bean. Listener ports simplify the administration of the associations between these resources.
Literal XML
An encoding style for serializing data over SOAP protocol. Literal XML is based on an XML schema instance.
local
Pertaining to a device, file, or system that is accessed directly from a user's system, without the use of a communication line. See also remote.
local history
Copies of files that are saved in the workbench in order to compare the current version with previous versions. Subject to configurable preferences, the workbench updates the local history each time an editable file is saved.
local home interface
In EJB programming, an interface that specifies the methods used by local clients for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes. See also remote home interface.
Log and Trace Analyzer tool
The core technology of the IBM Autonomic Computing initiative that defines the interfaces for logging and tracing, providing a central point of interaction with multiple data sources.
log file
The file where the log of events is recorded.
loop
A sequence of instructions performed repeatedly.
LPEX Editor
The default editor for source files in the Remote System Explorer; can be used to create and edit many kinds of files, including program source files, documentation, and data files. In addition to basic editing functions, the LPEX Editor offers language parsing, location marking, elaborate search, and keystroke recording facilities.
manifest
A special file that can contain information about the files packaged in a JAR file. (Sun)
map
In the EJB development environment, the specification of how an enterprise bean's container-managed persistent fields correspond to columns in a relational database table or other persistent storage.
marker bar
The gray border at the left of the editor area of the workbench, where bookmarks and breakpoints are shown.
MDB
See message-driven bean.
meet-in-the-middle mapping
An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables in which enterprise beans and database schema are created simultaneously but independently.
member
In IBM i, one of several different sets of data, each with the same format, within one database file.
membership
The state of being a portal user and a place member. Membership in the portal is controlled by the administrator during the installation and set up of portal servers. Membership in places is controlled by a place manager, who determines the level of access for each place member: participant, place designer, or place manager.
memory leak
The effect of a program that maintains references to objects that are no longer required and therefore need to be reclaimed.
message-driven bean (MDB)
An enterprise bean that provides asynchronous message support and clearly separates message and business processing.
message queue
A list on which messages are placed when they are sent to a user ID or device description. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *MSGQ.
metadata
Data that describes the characteristics of data; descriptive data.
method
(1) In object-oriented programming, an operation that an object can perform. An object can have many methods.
(2) In Java programming, a function that is defined in a class. (Sun)
method permission
A mapping between one or more security roles and one or more methods that a member of a role can call.
MIME
See Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.
model view controller (MVC)
A software architecture that separates the components of the application: the model represents the business logic or data; the view represents the user interface; and the controller manages user input or, in some cases, the application flow.
module
In Java EE programming, a software unit that consists of one or more components of the same container type and one deployment descriptor of that type. Examples include EJB, Web, and application client modules. (Sun)
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
An Internet standard that allows different forms of data, including video, audio, or binary data, to be attached to e-mail without requiring translation into ASCII text.
MVC
See model view controller.
NAICS
See North American Industry Classification System.
named type
A collection of IBM i resource types that are either object types or member types.
namespace
(1) Space reserved by a file system to contain the names of its objects.
(2) In XML and XQuery, a uniform resource identifier (URI) that provides a unique name to associate with the element, attribute, and type definitions in an XML schema or with the names of elements, attributes, types, functions, and errors in XQuery expressions.
naming service
An implementation of the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) standard.
navigation bar
A set of links to other Web pages in a Web site. For example, navigation bars are usually located across the top or down the side of a page and contain direct links to the major sections within the Web site.
node
One of the various artifacts in an application as shown in the application diagram. Each node is given a label based on its underlying source artifact or object name.
nonce
A unique cryptographic number that is embedded in a message to help detect a replay attack.
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
An economic classification system based on groups of goods and services that use similar or identical production processes.
notation
An XML construct that contains a note, a comment or an explanation about information in an XML file. A notation can be used to associate a binary description with an entity or attribute.
object
(1) In object-oriented design or programming, a concrete realization (instance) of a class that consists of data and the operations associated with that data. An object contains the instance data that is defined by the class, but the class owns the operations that are associated with the data.
(2) A named storage space that consists of a set of characteristics that describe the space and, in some cases, data. An object is anything that occupies space in storage, can be located in a library or directory, can be secured, and on which defined operations can be performed. Some examples of objects are programs, files, libraries, and stream files.
object-oriented programming
A programming approach based on the concepts of data abstraction and inheritance. Unlike procedural programming techniques, object-oriented programming concentrates not on how something is accomplished but instead on what data objects comprise the problem and how they are manipulated.
Object Request Broker (ORB)
In object-oriented programming, software that serves as an intermediary by transparently enabling objects to exchange requests and responses.
oblique
Pertaining to a line style in which connections between nodes in an application diagram are drawn by taking the shortest route possible while attempting to avoid having lines that intersect other nodes.
Open Servlet Engine (OSE)
A lightweight communications protocol developed by IBM for interprocess communication.
open source
Pertaining to software whose source code is publicly available for use or modification. Open source software is usually developed as a public collaboration and made freely available, although its use and redistribution might be subject to licensing restrictions. Linux is a well known example of open source software.
Operating System/400 (OS/400)
The IBM licensed program that can be used as the operating system for iSeries servers prior to Version 5 Release 3. See also IBM i.
OPM
See original program model.
ORB
See Object Request Broker.
original program model (OPM)
The set of functions for compiling source code and creating high-level language programs before the Integrated Language Environment (ILE) model was introduced.
OS/400
See Operating System/400.
OSE
See Open Servlet Engine.
package
(1) In Java programming, a group of types. Packages are declared with the package keyword. (Sun)
(2) An installable unit of a software product. Software product packages are separately installable units that can operate independently from other packages of that software product.
(3) To assemble components into modules and modules into enterprise applications.
package group
A group of one or more packages that are designed to work together and can be installed to one directory.
packaging utility
A utility that copies packages to a repository for posting.
page
A node in a portal that can contain content in addition to labels and other pages. Pages can contain child nodes, column containers, row containers, and portlets.
page template
In Page Designer, a page that is used as a starting point to define consistent styles and layout for any new HTML or JavaServer Pages (JSP) page within a Web site.
palette
A range of graphically displayed choices, such as colors or collections of tools, that can be selected in an application.
parameter (parm)
A value or reference passed to a function, command, or program that serves as input or controls actions. The value is supplied by a user or by another program or process.
parm
See parameter.
parse
To break down a string of information, such as a command or file, into its constituent parts.
participant
A member of a portal place who can visit and use the place. By default, all portal users are participants in public places. See also place designer, place manager.
PCB
See program communication block.
PCML
See Program Call Markup Language.
PDA
See personal digital assistant.
PDM
See Programming Development Manager.
people awareness
The collaboration feature that provides access to people from various contexts. People awareness lets you see references to people and contact people by name through the Sametime online status indicator. Throughout the portal, wherever you see the name of a person, you can view the person's online status, send e-mail, initiate a chat, or share an application via an electronic meeting. See also person link.
persist
To be maintained across session boundaries, usually in nonvolatile storage such as a database system or a directory.
persistence
(1) A characteristic of data that is maintained across session boundaries, or of an object that continues to exist after the execution of the program or process that created it, usually in nonvolatile storage such as a database system.
(2) In Java EE, the protocol for transferring the state of an entity bean between its instance variables and an underlying database. (Sun)
person
An individual authenticated by the portal and having a person record in one or more corporate directories. Persons can be members of places, public groups within the organization's corporate directory, or personal groups that a user defines.
personal digital assistant (PDA)
A handheld device that is used for personal organization tasks (such as calendaring, note-taking, and recording telephone and fax numbers), and networking functions such as e-mail and synchronization.
personalization
The process of enabling information to be targeted to specific users based on business rules and user profile information. See also customization.
person link
A reference to a person's name or a group name that appears with the Sametime online status indicator. The reference lets you view the person's online status, send an e-mail, start a chat, or share an application using an electronic meeting, among other actions shown on the person link menu. See also people awareness.
perspective
A group of views that show various aspects of the resources in the workbench.
place designer
A member of a place who can edit place layout and bookmarks. See also participant, place manager.
place manager
A member of a place who can edit place membership, layout, and bookmarks. See also participant, place designer.
place member
A individual or group who has joined or been granted access to a place. Place members have three levels of access to a place: manager, designer, and participant.
plug-in
A separately installable software module that adds function to an existing program, application, or interface.
pop-up menu
A menu that opens as the result of some user action (usually clicking the right mouse button) and that contains choices appropriate for the selected object in its current context.
port
As defined in a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document, a single endpoint that is defined as a combination of a binding and a network address.
portal
A single, secure point of access to diverse information, applications, and people that can be customized and personalized.
Portal Administration
The place where portal administrators set and maintain basic collaboration permissions, place records, place membership records, and server settings for companion products for advanced collaboration.
portlet
A reusable Web module that runs on a portal server. Portlets have predefined roles such as retrieving news headlines, searching a database, or displaying a calendar.
portlet API
The set of interfaces and methods that are used by Java programs running within the portal server environment to obtain services.
portlet application
A collection of related portlets that can share resources with one another.
portlet framework
The set of classes and interfaces that support Java programs running within the portal server environment.
portlet mode
A form assumed by a portlet to provide a distinctive interface for users to perform different tasks. Portlet modes can include view, edit, and help.
port type
An element in a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document that comprises a set of abstract operations, each of which refers to input and output messages that are supported by the Web service.
POST
In HTTP, a parameter on the METHOD attribute of the FORM tag that specifies that a browser will send form data to a server in an HTTP transaction separate from that of the associated URL.
Power Family
A family of IBM systems distinguished by their object-oriented architecture, integrated relational database, and high-level machine interface. Power Systems support the IBM i, i5/OS, Operating System/400, AIX, and Linux operating systems. See also IBM i.
Power Systems environment
A specific user configuration on a Power Systems server, including the user's default job description, user profile, library list, and current library.
primary key
(1) In a relational database, a key that uniquely identifies one row of a database table. See also foreign key.
(2) An object that uniquely identifies an entity bean of a particular type.
primitive type
In Java, a category of data type that describes a variable that contains a single value of the appropriate size and format for its type: a number, a character, or a Boolean value. Examples of primitive types include byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.
probe
A reusable set of Java code fragments and supporting attributes for collecting detailed runtime information about objects, arguments, and exceptions. See also Probekit.
Probekit
A scriptable framework for doing byte-code insertion to probe the workings of a target program. See also probe.
profile
In the Remote System Explorer, a container for a particular user's filter, connection, IBM i command, and user-defined action information. A profile can also be used to partition data if the number of remote server connections is high.
program
(1) A sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and run without a user's intervention.
(2) In the Integrated Language Environment (ILE) model, the executable object that results from binding modules together.
program call
A call to an IBM i program or service program procedure.
Program Call Markup Language (PCML)
A tag language that is used to describe the input and output parameters for programs running on Power Systems models. PCML is based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML). PCML files are used with the ProgramCallDocument class in the IBM Toolbox for Java to automate parameter handling and calls of ILE programs from Java.
program communication block (PCB)
A control block that contains pointers to Information Management System (IMS) databases. See also program specification block.
Programming Development Manager (PDM)
An application that is used in a 5250 emulator to query an IBM i host and perform actions against objects. See also 5250 display.
program specification block (PSB)
In DL/I and IMS, a control block that describes the databases and logical message destinations that are used by an application program. A PSB consists of one or more program communication blocks (PCBs). See also program communication block.
program structure view
A display of the nodes in the application diagram which represent programs and service programs. For ILE programs and service programs the nodes contain a list of the bound modules. The connections in a Program Structure Diagram represent binding relationships between objects.
program temporary fix (PTF)
For Power Systems and System z products, a fix that is tested by IBM and is made available to all customers. See also fix pack.
project
In Eclipse, a unit of organization used to group folders or packages. Projects are used for building, version management, sharing, and organizing resources.
property broker
A WebSphere Portal interface that negotiates the relationship between cooperative source and target portlets and delivers data to the target in the form of the corresponding portlet action. See also cooperative portlets.
proxy server
A server that receives requests intended for another server and that acts on the client's behalf (as the client's proxy) to obtain the requested service. A proxy server is often used when the client and the server are incompatible for direct connection. For example, the client is unable to meet the security authentication requirements of the server but should be permitted some services.
PSB
See program specification block.
PTF
See program temporary fix.
public
In object-oriented programming, pertaining to a class member that is accessible to all classes.
public place
A shared place that is open to all portal users. The person who creates the place (and who automatically becomes the place manager) designates it as a public place during place creation.
publish
(1) To make a Web site public, for example by putting files in a path known to the HTTP server.
(2) In UDDI, to advertise a Web service so that other businesses can find it and bind with it. Service providers publish the availability of their services through a registry.
push
To upload or export to a server.
push button
In a window or dialog box, a rectangular control that, when clicked, immediately causes an action to be performed. Push buttons can be labeled with text, graphics, or both. The most familiar push buttons are OK and Cancel.
Qshell Interpreter
A standard command interface that is used to run standard commands, such as UNIX-like commands and Java commands, and then view the output.
queue
A WebSphere MQ object to which message queuing applications can put messages, and from which they can get messages.
radio button
In graphical user interfaces, a control that comprises a circle with text beside it, representing one of set of mutually exclusive choices. The circle is partially filled when a choice is selected.
rapid deployment tool
One of a set of tools to rapidly develop and deploy J2EE artifacts on the server and package the J2EE artifacts into the deployed EAR file.
Rational Unified Process (RUP)
A configurable software development process platform that is used to assign and manage tasks and responsibilities within a development organization.
RDB
See relational database.
realize
In the Web diagram editor, to associate a node with an actual resource by creating that resource or by editing the node's path so that it points to an existing resource. See also unrealized.
rectilinear
Pertaining to a line style in which connections between nodes in the application diagram are drawn by using only horizontal and vertical lines.
recursion
A programming technique in which a program or routine calls itself to perform successive steps in an operation, with each step using the output of the preceding step.
refactor
To transform a program, for example by renaming a package or method, while preserving its behavior.
referential integrity
(1) The condition that exists when all intended references from data in one column of a table to data in another column of the same or a different table are valid.
(2) In Extensible Markup Language (XML) tools, the condition that exists when all references to items in the XML schema editor or DTD editor are automatically cleaned up when the schema is detected or renamed.
refresh pack
A cumulative collection of fixes that contains new functions. See also fix pack, interim fix.
registered user
A portal user who has a user ID and password for logging in to a portal. See also anonymous user.
relational database (RDB)
A database that can be perceived as a set of tables and manipulated in accordance with the relational model of data. Each database includes a set of system catalog tables that describe the logical and physical structure of the data, a configuration file containing the parameter values allocated for the database, and a recovery log with ongoing transactions and archivable transactions.
relationship role
In EJB programming, a traversal of the relationship between two entity beans in one direction or the other. Each relationship that is coded in the deployment descriptor defines two roles.
release
To send changed files from the workbench to the team server so that other developers on the team can catch up (synchronize) with the updated version.
remote
Pertaining to a system, program, or device that is accessed through a communication line.
remote file system
A file system residing on a separate server or operating system.
remote file transfer instance
A file that contains information about the method used for remotely transferring a file.
remote home interface
In enterprise beans, an interface that specifies the methods used by remote clients for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes. See also local home interface.
remote interface
In EJB programming, an interface that defines the business methods that can be called by a client. See also home interface.
remote method
A business method in the remote interface that is callable by a client. See also Remote Method Invocation.
Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
A protocol that is used to communicate method invocations over a network. Java Remote Method Invocation is a distributed object model in which the methods of remote objects written in the Java programming language can be invoked from other Java virtual machines, possibly on different hosts. See also remote method.
Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
A protocol that allows a program on a client computer to run a program on a server.
Remote System Explorer (RSE)
The workbench perspective for accessing and editing files, as well as developing applications, on any supported remote server, such as an IBM i or Linux server. For example, IBM i users can create a connection to a remote host and navigate IBM i objects.
remove method
In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to destroy an enterprise bean.
repository
(1) A persistent storage area for data and other application resources.
(2) A persistent storage area where packages are available for download.
resource
(1) Any physical item or logical item to be managed in an information system of an enterprise.
(2) The collective term for projects, folders, subfolders, and files that can be manipulated in the Eclipse workbench.
resource adapter
A system-level software driver that is used by an EJB container or an application client to connect to an enterprise information system (EIS). A resource adapter plugs in to a container; the application components deployed on the container then use the client API (exposed by adapter) or tool-generated, high-level abstractions to access the underlying EIS. (Sun) See also container, enterprise information system.
resource property
A property for a JDBC data source in a server configuration, for example the server name, user ID, or password.
result set
The set of rows that a procedure returns.
result tree
The output document that is created when an XSL file is used to transform an XML file.
rich media
In a Web page, content that is aural, visual, or interactive, such as audio or video files.
rich text
A field that can contain objects, file attachments, or pictures as well as text with formatting options such as italics or boldface.
RMI
See Remote Method Invocation.
role
A job function that identifies the tasks that a user can perform and the resources to which a user has access. A user can be assigned one or more roles.
RPC
See Remote Procedure Call.
RPG Java method call
A piece of ILE RPG code that calls various Java methods, enabling the use of prewritten Java code along with RPG fields and variables.
RSE
See Remote System Explorer.
run
To cause a program, utility, or other machine function to be performed.
run time
The time period during which a computer program is running.
RUP
See Rational Unified Process.
SBCS
See single-byte character set.
schema
A collection of database objects such as tables, views, indexes, or triggers that define a database. A database schema provides a logical classification of database objects.
SCM
See software configuration management.
scope
In Web services, a property that identifies the lifetime of the object serving the invocation request.
scrapbook
An editor that can be used to experiment and evaluate Java expressions. Workbench users can run, inspect, and display snippets of code in the scrapbook.
Screen Designer
A visual editor that is used to design and modify the content of DDS display files in a graphical format.
script
A series of commands, combined in a file, that carry out a particular function when the file is run. Scripts are interpreted as they are run.
scriptlet
A mechanism for adding scripting language fragments to a source file.
SDK
See software development kit.
SDO
See Service Data Objects.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
A security protocol that provides communication privacy. With SSL, client/server applications can communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery.
security role
In Java EE, an abstract logical grouping of users that is defined by the application assembler. When an application is deployed, the roles are mapped to security identities, such as principals or groups, in the operational environment. (Sun)
serializer
A method for converting object data to another form such as binary or XML. See also deserialization.
server
(1) A software program or a computer that provides services to other software programs or other computers. See also host, client.
(2) A definition that identifies where an application will be tested or published. See also host.
server configuration
A resource that contains information required to set up and deploy to an application server.
server project
A project that contains information about test and deployment servers and their configurations.
server-side
Pertaining to an application or component of an application that runs on a server rather than on the client. JSP and servlets are two examples of technologies that enable server-side programming.
server-side include (SSI)
A facility for including dynamic information in documents sent to clients, such as current date, the last modification date of a file, and the size or last modification of other files.
Service Data Objects (SDO)
An open standard for enabling applications to handle data from heterogeneous data sources in a uniform way, based on the concept of a disconnected data graph.
service description
The description of a Web service, which can be defined in any format such as WSDL, UDDI, or HTML.
service program
A bound program that performs utility functions that can be called by other bound programs.
servlet
A Java program that runs on a Web server and extends the server's functionality by generating dynamic content in response to Web client requests. Servlets are commonly used to connect databases to the Web.
servlet container
A Web application server component that invokes the action servlet and that interacts with the action servlet to process requests.
session
(1) A logical or virtual connection between two stations, software programs, or devices on a network that allows the two elements to communicate and exchange data.
(2) In Java EE, an object used by a servlet to track a user's interaction with a Web application across multiple HTTP requests.
session bean
An enterprise bean that is created by a client and that usually exists only for the duration of a single client/server session. (Sun) See also stateless session bean, entity bean, stateful session bean.
session facade
A mechanism for separating the business and client tiers of an enterprise application by abstracting the data and business methods so that clients are not tightly coupled with the business logic and not responsible for data integrity. Implemented as session enterprise beans, session facades also decouple lower-level business components from one another.
setter method
A method whose purpose is to set the value of an instance or class variable. This capability allows another object to set the value of one of its variables. See also getter method.
shared place
A place created for a community of people with a common purpose. Shared places can be public or restricted. The place creator (who automatically becomes the place manager) specifies whether a place is public or restricted during place creation.
shared resource
A software file or plug-in that is stored in a directory and can be shared by packages. See also installation directory.
shell
A software interface between users and an operating system. Shells generally fall into one of two categories: a command line shell, which provides a command line interface to the operating system; and a graphical shell, which provides a graphical user interface (GUI).
shell script
A program, or script, that is interpreted by the shell of an operating system.
shortcut bar
In Eclipse, the vertical toolbar at the left side of the workbench window that contains buttons for open perspectives and for fast views.
shortcut key
See keyboard shortcut.
simple type
In the XML, a type that cannot have element content and cannot carry attributes. Elements that contain numbers (and strings, and dates, and so on) but do not contain any sub-elements are said to have simple types. See also complex type.
single-byte character set (SBCS)
A coded character set in which each character is represented by a 1-byte code. A 1-byte code point allows representation of up to 256 characters. See also double-byte character set.
single sign-on (SSO)
An authentication process in which a user can access more than one system or application by entering a single user ID and password.
singleton
A class that can be instantiated only once. A singleton class cannot be an interface.
skeleton
Scaffolding for an implementation class.
skin
An element of a graphical user interface that can be changed to alter the appearance of the interface without affecting its functionality.
snippet
An excerpt of source code.
SOAP
A lightweight, XML-based protocol for exchanging information in a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP can be used to query and return information and invoke services across the Internet.
SOAP encoding
Rules for serializing data over the SOAP protocol. SOAP encoding is based on a simple type system that is a generalization of the common features found in type systems in programming languages, databases, and semi-structured data.
software configuration management (SCM)
The tracking and control of software development. SCM systems typically offer version control and team programming features.
software development kit (SDK)
A set of tools, APIs, and documentation to assist with the development of software in a specific computer language or for a particular operating environment.
source call view
A display of the nodes in the Application Diagram which represent blocks of code within the source that can be called, such as RPG subroutines, RPG subprocedures, COBOL procedures, and main entry points. The connections represent calls between the blocks of code.
source code
A computer program in a format that is readable by people. Source code is converted into binary code that can be used by a computer.
source physical file
In IBM i, a file that contains members and that stores text or source statements instead of data.
source tree
The XML input document that is transformed by an XSL stylesheet.
SQL
See Structured Query Language.
SQLJ
See Structured Query Language for Java.
SQL query
A component of certain SQL statements that specifies a result table.
SSI
See server-side include.
SSL
See Secure Sockets Layer.
SSO
See single sign-on.
stack
An area in memory that typically stores information such as temporary register information, values of parameters, and return addresses of subroutines and is based on the principle of last in, first out (LIFO).
stacked product
A product that extends the tooling, functionality, or features of another product. For example, Rational Software Architect is a stacked product of Rational Application Developer.
stack frame
A section of the stack that contains the local variables, arguments, and register contents for an individual routine, as well as a pointer to the previous stack frame.
Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT)
An Eclipse toolkit for Java developers that defines a common, portable, user interface API that uses the native widgets of the underlying operating system. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Swing Set.
stateful session bean
A session bean that acts on behalf of a single client and maintains client-specific session information (called conversational state) across multiple method calls and transactions. See also stateless session bean, session bean.
stateless session bean
A session bean with no conversational state. All instances of a stateless bean are identical. (Sun) See also session bean, stateful session bean.
static Web page
A Web page that can be displayed without the additional client- or server-side processing that would be required for JavaServer Pages, servlets, or scripts.
static Web project
A project that contains resources for a Web application with no dynamic content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, or Java code. A static Web project can be deployed to a static HTTP server and does not require additional application server support.
stored procedure
A block of procedural constructs and embedded SQL statements that is stored in a database and that can be called by name. Stored procedures allow an application program to be run in two parts, one on the client and the other on the server, so that one call can produce several accesses to the database.
stream
In the CVS team programming environment, a shared copy of application resources that is updated by development team members as they make changes. The stream represents the current state of the project.
string
In programming languages, the form of data used for storing and manipulating text.
structure
A class data type that contains an ordered group of data objects. Unlike an array, the data objects within a structure can have varied data types.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational database.
Structured Query Language for Java (SQLJ)
A standard for embedding SQL in Java programs, defining and calling Java procedures and user-defined functions, and using database structured types in Java.
structured viewing
The tabular aspect of the Design view of the XML editor that separates the structural constituents of an XML document, such as elements and attribute types, from values, such as attribute values and textual content.
Struts
An open source framework designed to help developers create Web applications that keep database code, page design code, and control flow code separated from each other.
Struts action
A class that implements a portion of a Web application and returns a forward. The superclass for a Struts action is called the Action class.
Struts module
A Struts configuration file and a set of corresponding actions, form beans, and Web pages. A Struts application comprises at least one Struts module.
Struts project
A dynamic Web project with Struts support added.
stub
A small program routine that substitutes for a longer, possibly remote, program. For example, a stub might be a program module that transfers procedure calls (RPCs) and responses between a client and a server. In Web services, a stub is an implementation of a Java interface generated from a Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) document.
style sheet
A specification of formatting instructions that, when applied to structured information, provides a particular rendering of that information (for example, online or printed). Different style sheets can be applied to the same piece of structured information to produce different presentations of the information.
subclass
In Java, a class that is derived from a particular class, through inheritance.
subfile
In IBM i, a group of records of the same record format that can be displayed at the same time at a display station. The system sends the entire group of records to the display in a single operation and receives the group from the display in another operation.
subquery
In SQL, a subselect used within a predicate. For example, a select-statement within the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL statement.
subsystem
In the Remote System Explorer, a container for a particular user's remote IBM i libraries, command sets, and jobs.
superclass
In Java, a class from which a particular class is inherited, perhaps with one or more classes in between.
supertype
In a type hierarchy, a type that subtypes inherit attributes from.
Swing Set
A collection of GUI components that runs consistently on any operating system that supports the Java virtual machine (JVM). Because they are written entirely in the Java programming language, these components provide functionality above and beyond that provided by native-platform equivalents. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Standard Widget Toolkit.
SWT
See Standard Widget Toolkit.
syntax diagram
A diagram for a command that displays how to enter the command on the command line.
syntax highlighting
In source editors, the ability to differentiate text and structural elements, such as tags, attributes, and attribute values, using text highlighting differences, such as font face, emphasis, and color.
system menu
A drop-down menu that is activated by clicking the icon at the left of a window's title bar and that allows users to restore, move, size, minimize, or maximize the window.
tabbable element
In Web page creation, a page element that can be reached using the tab key.
tab index
In Web page creation, an attribute that allows the directed use of tab stops to change the default navigation through a page.
table
In a relational database, a database object that consists of a specific number of columns and is used to store an unordered set of rows. See also view.
taglib directive
In a JSP page, a declaration stating that the page uses custom tags, defines the tag library, and specifies its tag prefixes. (Sun)
tag library
In JSP technology, a collection of tags identifying custom actions described using a taglib descriptor and Java classes. A JSP tag library can be imported into any JSP file and used with various scripting languages. (Sun)
target
The destination for an action or operation.
TCP
See Transmission Control Protocol.
TCP/IP
See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP monitoring server
A runtime environment that monitors all requests and responses between a Web browser and an application server, as well as TCP/IP activity.
technology preview
A demonstration of a feature that is currently in development but is not complete, and therefore is not yet supported.
test case
A set of tasks, scripts, or routines that automate the task of testing software.
test environment
A specific instance of a configuration of hardware and software established for the purpose of conducting tests under known and controlled conditions.
test harness
A series of script files used to enable a DB2 database for use by the DB2 XML Extender. A test harness is optionally created when a DAD file is generated from a relational database to XML mapping. Once enabled, it tests composing XML from data as well as decomposing XML files into relational data.
test pattern
A template used for the automatic generation of component tests. There are several test patterns available for testing both Java and EJB components. See also component test.
test suite
A collection of test cases that define test behavior and control test execution and deployment.
theme
The style element that gives a place a particular look. The portal provides several themes, similar to virtual wallpaper, from which you can choose when creating a place.
thread
A stream of computer instructions that is in control of a process. In some operating systems, a thread is the smallest unit of operation in a process. Several threads can run concurrently, performing different jobs.
thread contention
A condition in which a thread is waiting for a lock or object that another thread holds.
thumbnail
An icon-sized rendering of a larger graphic image that permits a user to preview the image without opening a viewer or graphical editor.
timeout
A time interval that is allotted for an event to occur or complete before operation is interrupted.
timing constraint
A specialized validation action used to measure the duration of a method call or a sequence of method calls. See also validation action.
ToolTip
See hover help.
top-down development
In Web services, the process of developing a service from a Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) file. See also bottom-up development.
top-down mapping
An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which existing enterprise beans and their design determines the database design.
transform
To translate a Java class file to an IBM i Java program.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A communication protocol used in the Internet and in any network that follows the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards for internetwork protocol. TCP provides a reliable host-to-host protocol in packet-switched communication networks and in interconnected systems of such networks. See also Internet Protocol.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
An industry-standard, nonproprietary set of communication protocols that provides reliable end-to-end connections between applications over interconnected networks of different types.
transport
The request queue between a WebSphere Application Server plug-in for Web servers and a Web container in which the Web modules of an application reside. When a user at a Web browser requests an application, the request is passed to the Web server, then along the transport to the Web container.
trigger
In database technology, a program that is automatically called whenever a specified action is performed on a specific table or view.
trunk
In the CVS team development environment, the main stream of development, also referred to as the HEAD stream.
type
(1) In Java programming, a class or interface.
(2) In a WSDL document, an element that contains data type definitions using some type system (such as XSD).
type hierarchy
The complete context for a Java class or interface including its superclasses and subclasses.
UDDI
See Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration.
UDDI Business Registry
A collection of peer directories that contain information about businesses and services.
UDDI registry
A distributed registry of businesses and their service descriptions that adheres to the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) standard for managing the discovery of Web services. UDDI registries come in two forms, public and private, both of which are implemented in a common XML format.
UDF
See user-defined function.
uid (user ID)
See user identifier.
UIM
See user interface manager.
Unified Modeling Language
A standard notation for the modeling of real-world objects as a first step in developing an object-oriented design methodology.
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
A unique address that is used to identify content on the Web, such as a page of text, a video or sound clip, a still or animated image, or a program. The most common form of URI is the Web page address, which is a particular form or subset of URI called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A URI typically describes how to access the resource, the computer that contains the resource, and the name of the resource (a file name) on the computer. See also Uniform Resource Name.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
The unique address of an information resource that is accessible in a network such as the Internet. The URL includes the abbreviated name of the protocol used to access the information resource and the information used by the protocol to locate the information resource.
Uniform Resource Name (URN)
A name that uniquely identifies a Web service to a client. See also Uniform Resource Identifier.
United Nations Standard Products and Services Classification (UNSPSC)
An open global standard for classifying products and services based on common function, purpose, and task.
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)
A set of standards-based specifications that enables companies and applications to quickly and easily find and use Web services over the Internet.
unrealized
Pertains to a Web diagram node that is not yet associated with an actual resource. See also realize.
UNSPSC
See United Nations Standard Products and Services Classification.
URI
See Uniform Resource Identifier.
URL
See Uniform Resource Locator.
URN
See Uniform Resource Name.
user-defined function (UDF)
A function that is defined to the DB2 database system by using the CREATE FUNCTION statement and that can be referenced thereafter in SQL statements. A UDF can be an external function or an SQL function.
user ID (uid)
See user identifier.
user identifier (uid, user ID)
A string of characters that uniquely identifies a user to a system.
user interface manager (UIM)
A function of the operating system that provides a consistent user interface by providing comprehensive support for defining and running panels (displays), dialogs, and online help information.
UTF-8
Unicode Transformation Format, 8-bit encoding form, which is designed for ease of use with existing ASCII-based systems. The CCSID value for data in UTF-8 format is 1208.
validation
The checking of data or code for correctness or for compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions.
validation action
A mechanism for verifying whether the actual value of a variable at run time corresponds to the expected value of that variable. See also timing constraint.
validator
A program that checks data or code for correctness or for compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions.
version control
The coordination and integration of the history of work submitted by a team.
versioned object base (VOB)
A repository that stores versions of file elements, directory elements, derived objects, and metadata associated with these objects.
view
In Eclipse-based user interfaces, any pane in the workbench that is outside the editor area and can be stacked (dragged and dropped) on top of other views. Views provide different ways to look at or work with the resources in the workbench.
VOB
See versioned object base.
WAP
See Wireless Application Protocol.
WAR
See Web archive.
WAR file
See Web archive.
watchpoint
A breakpoint that suspends execution when a specified field or expression is modified.
Web application
An application that is accessible by a Web browser and that provides some function beyond static display of information, for instance by allowing the user to query a database. Common components of a Web application include HTML pages, JSP pages, and servlets.
Web archive (WAR)
A compressed file format, defined by the Java EE standard, for storing all the resources required to install and run a Web application in a single file. See also enterprise archive, Java archive.
Web browser
A client program that initiates requests to a Web server and displays the information that the server returns.
Web component
A field or control that is on the Web page of a Web application.
Web container
A container that implements the Web component contract of the Java EE architecture. (Sun)
Web diagram
A Struts file that uses icons and other images on a free-form surface to help application developers visualize the flow structure of a Struts-based Web application.
Web interaction
A single input and output sequence between a Web browser and a host program.
Web module
A unit that consists of one or more Web components and a Web deployment descriptor. (Sun)
Web project
A container for other resources such as source files and metadata that corresponds to the Java EE-defined container structure and hierarchy of files necessary for Web applications to be deployed.
Web resource
Any one of the resources that are created during the development of a Web application for example Web projects, HTML pages, JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, servlets, custom tag libraries, and archive files.
Web server
A software program that is capable of servicing Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests.
Web service
A self-contained, self-describing modular application that can be published, discovered, and invoked over a network using standard network protocols. Typically, XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data, WSDL is used for describing the services available, and UDDI is used for listing what services are available.
Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
An XML-based specification for describing networked services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information.
Web Services Interoperability Organization (WSI)
An open industry organization that promotes Web services interoperability across platforms, operating systems, and programming languages.
Web Services Invocation Language (WSIL)
An XML document format that facilitates the discovery of existing Web services and provides a set of rules for how inspection-related information should be made available for consumption.
Web site
A related collection of files available on the Web that is managed by a single entity (an organization or an individual) and contains information in hypertext for its users. A Web site often includes hypertext links to other Web sites.
WebSphere
An IBM brand name that encompasses tools for developing e-business applications and middleware for running Web applications.
WebSphere Application Server
Web application server software that runs on a Web server and that can be used to deploy, integrate, execute, and manage e-business applications.
WebSphere test environment
A runtime environment that is integrated into the Rational development workbench for testing applications that are targeted for WebSphere Application Server.
what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG)
A capability of an editor to continually display pages exactly as they will be printed or otherwise rendered.
widget
A reusable user interface component such as a button, scrollbar, control area, or text edit area, that can receive input from the keyboard or mouse and can communicate with an application or with another widget.
wire
A technique for connecting two or more cooperative portlets so that changes in the source portlet automatically update the target portlets. See also Click-to-Action, cooperative portlets.
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
An open industry standard for mobile Internet access that allows mobile users with wireless devices to easily and instantly access and interact with information and services.
Wireless Markup Language (WML)
A markup language based on XML that is used to present content and user interfaces for wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers, and personal digital assistants.
wizard
An active form of help that guides users through each step of a particular task.
WML
See Wireless Markup Language.
workbench
The user interface and integrated development environment (IDE) in Eclipse and Eclipse-based tools such as IBM Rational Application Developer.
working set
The parts of a program's executable code, data areas, or both that are being used intensively and are therefore important to keep in the fastest possible type of storage. Thus a program's instruction cache working set is the set of program cache lines that need to be kept in the instruction cache if the program is to run at maximum speed.
workspace
In Eclipse, the collection of projects and other resources that the user is currently developing in the workbench. Metadata about these resources resides in a directory on the file system; the resources might reside in the same directory.
wrapper
An object that encapsulates and delegates to another object to alter its interface or behavior in some way. (Sun)
WSDL
See Web Services Description Language.
WSDL document
A file that provides a set of definitions that describe a Web service in Web Services Description Language (WSDL) format.
WSDL file
See WSDL document.
WSI
See Web Services Interoperability Organization.
WSIL
See Web Services Invocation Language.
WYSIWYG
See what you see is what you get.
Xalan processor
An XSLT processor that is part of the Apache project. See also XSL Transformation.
XDoclet
An open, source code generation engine that uses special JavaDoc tags to parse Java source files and generate output such as XML descriptors or source code, based on templates.
XHTML
See Extensible Hypertext Markup Language.
XML
See Extensible Markup Language.
XML catalog
A catalog that contains rules specifying how an XML processor should resolve references to entities. Use of a catalog eliminates the need to change URIs within XML documents as resources are moved during development.
XML parser
A program that reads XML documents and provides an application with access to their content and structure.
XML Path Language (XPath)
A language that is designed to uniquely identify or address parts of source XML data, for use with XML-related technologies, such as XSLT, XQuery, and XML parsers. XPath is a World Wide Web Consortium standard.
XML schema
A mechanism for describing and constraining the content of XML files by indicating which elements are allowed and in which combinations. XML schemas are an alternative to document type definitions (DTDs) and can be used to extend functionality in the areas of data typing, inheritance, and presentation.
XML Schema Definition Language (XSD, XSDL)
A language for describing XML files that contain XML schema.
XPath (XPath)
See XML Path Language.
XPath expression
An expression that searches through an XML document and extracts information from the nodes (any part of the document, such as an element or attribute) in that document.
XSD
(1) See XML Schema Definition Language.
(2) An instance of an XML schema written in XML Schema definition language. An XML Schema Definition ifile has the extension .xsd. The prefix "xsd" is also typically used in the XML elements of the XSD file to indicate the XML Schema namespace.
XSDL
See XML Schema Definition Language.
XSL
See Extensible Stylesheet Language.
XSL style sheet
Code that describes how an XML document should be rendered (displayed or printed).
XSLT
See XSL Transformation.
XSLT function
Function that is defined by the XSL Transform (XSLT) specification for the manipulation of numbers, strings, Boolean values, and node-sets.
XSL Transformation (XSLT)
A standard that uses XSL style sheets to transform XML documents into other XML documents, fragments, or HTML documents. See also Xalan processor.