Пример

public static void main(String[] args){
try {
String fileName = "UnicodeSample.txt"; //$NON-NLS-1$
java.io.FileInputStream fileInput = null;
java.io.InputStreamReader reader = null;
fileInput = new java.io.FileInputStream(fileName);
reader = new java.io.InputStreamReader(fileInput);//UTF-16BE
System.out.println(reader.read());
} catch ( Exception e ) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

Решение

Для предотвращения потери данных следует использовать следующие методы

java.io.InputStreamReader.InputStreamReader (java.io.InputStream, java.lang.String)
java.io.InputStreamReader.InputStreamReader (java.io.InputStream, Charset)
java.io.InputStreamReader.InputStreamReader (java.io.InputStream, CharsetDecoder)

public static void main(String[] args){
try {
java.io.FileInputStream fileInput;
java.io.InputStreamReader reader;
fileInput = new java.io.FileInputStream("file1"); //$NON-NLS-1$
reader = new java.io.InputStreamReader(fileInput,"UTF-16BE"); //$NON-NLS-1$
System.out.println(reader.read());
} catch ( Exception e ) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}